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(1)

A.Fung ªº¤Æ¾Ç«Å¨¥

 ¤ù¬qÅã¥ÜA.Fung¹ï¤Æ¾Çªº¼ö¸Û 

 

 1.10M

  «ö¦¹¤U¸ü

(2)

Sodium ¶u + water ¤ô

 Na floats and moves around on the surface of water.

 Heat and colorless gas are given out.

 ¶u¯B¦b¤ô­±¨Ã¥|³B²¾°Ê¡C¦³¼ö¤ÎµL¦â®ðÅé¥Í¦¨¡C

      2 Na + 2 H2O  à  2 NaOH + H2

 

 4.68M

 

  «ö¦¹¤U¸ü

(3)

Test for hydrogen

²Bªº´ú¸Õ

 Hydrogen gas gives a ¡¥pop¡¦ sound with a burning splint.

 ²B®ð©M¿U¿N¤¤¤ì±øµo¥X¡u¼P¡vÁn¡C

      2 H2  +  O2    à   2 H2O

       

 0.90M

  «ö¦¹¤U¸ü

(4)

Test for oxygen

®ñªº´ú¸Õ

 Oxygen gas can relight a glowing splint.

 ®ñ®ð¥i­«¿U¦³¾lÂuªº¤ì±ø¡C

 

 0.73 M

  «ö¦¹¤U¸ü

(5)

Test for water

¤ôªº´ú¸Õ

 Water can turn dry cobalt(II) chloride paper

 from blue to pale pink.

 ¤ô¥i§â°®Àꪺ´â¤Æ¹W(II)¸Õ¯È¥ÑÂŦâÅܦ¨¯»¬õ¦â¡C

 

 2.44 M

  «ö¦¹¤U¸ü

(6)

Coins + conc. nitric acid

µw¹ô + ¿@µv»Ä

 The coins dissolve in conc. nitric acid to form greenish-

 blue solution and brown gas.

 µw¹ô·»©ó¿@µv»Ä(HNO3)¡A§Î¦¨ºñÂŦⷻ²G¤Î

 ´Ä¦â®ðÅé¡C

  Cu + 4 H+ + 2 NO3¡Ð  à  Cu2+ + 2 NO2 + 2 H2O

 

 5.50M

  «ö¦¹¤U¸ü

(7)

Alkene ²m + KMnO4 / H+

 Alkene can turn acidified potassium

 permanganate solution from purple to colorless.

 ²mÖL¥i§â»Ä¤Æ°ª¿ø»Ä¹[¥Ñµµ¦âÅܦ¨µL¦â¡C

 

 4.70M

  «ö¦¹¤U¸ü

(8)

Burning magnesium ¿NÁâ

 Mg burns with bright white flame. White solid is formed.

 Mg¿U¿N®É²£¥Í±j¯Pªº¥Õ¥ú¡C¦³¥Õ¦â©TÅé¥Í¦¨¡C

   2 Mg  +  O2    à  2 MgO

 

 3.04M

  «ö¦¹¤U¸ü

(9)

2001¦~¨÷¤@²Ä4ÃD

Sodium + oil & water

¶u + ªo©M¤ô

 

 Na + oil ªo    à  no reaction ¨S¦³¤ÏÀ³

 2 Na + 2 H2O  à  2 NaOH + H2

 NaOH(alkaline) + phenolphthalein à pink color

 NaOH(ÆP©Ê) + ×ô¨»¤Ó à ¯»¬õ¦â

 

 4.20M

  «ö¦¹¤U¸ü

(10)

Magnesium + steam

Áâ + ¤ô»]®ð

 Mg metal turns white. Colorless gas is given out.

 MgÅܦ¨¥Õ¦â¡C¦³µL¦â®ðÅé©ñ¥X¡C

  Mg (s) + H2O (g)  à  MgO (s)  + H2 (g)

 

 4.37M

  «ö¦¹¤U¸ü

(11)

Zinc + copper(II) sulphate

¾N + ²¸»Ä»É(II)

 

 Displacement reaction ¸m´«¤ÏÀ³¡G

 Zn + CuSO4  à  ZnSO4  + Cu

 Blue solution turns pale blue. Brown solution is formed.

 ·»²G¥ÑÂŦâÅܦ¨²LÂŦâ¡C¦³´Ä¦â©TÅé¥Í¦¨¡C

 

 Cu + ZnSO4  à  no reaction ¨S¦³¤ÏÀ³

 

 4.62M

  «ö¦¹¤U¸ü

(12)

Iron(II) ion + rust indicator

ÅK(II)Â÷¤l + ÅKù׫ü¥Ü¾¯

 A blue compound is formed. ¥Í¦¨ÂÅ¦â¤Æ¦Xª«¡C

 

 

 2.02M

  «ö¦¹¤U¸ü

(13)

Mg-Cu chemical cell

Áâ-»É¤Æ¾Ç¹q¦À

 Magnesium is more reactive than copper.

 Mg loses electrons.

 Mg is negative pole of the cell (anode).

 Cu is positive pole of the cell (cathode).

 Áâ¤ñ»É¬¡¼â¡CÁâ©ñ¹q¤l¡C

 Áâ¬O¹q¦Àªº­t·¥(¶§·¥)¡C»É¬O¹q¦Àªº¥¿·¥(³±·¥)¡C

 

 2.79M

  «ö¦¹¤U¸ü

(14)

CO2 fire extinguisher

¤G®ñ¤ÆºÒ·À¤õ¾¹

 Carbon dioxide gas is denser than air.

 CO2 removes oxygen out of the burning object.

 ¤G®ñ¤ÆºÒ­«©óªÅ®ð¡CCO2¥h°£¿U¿Nª«ªþªñªº®ñ¡C

 

 3.22M

  «ö¦¹¤U¸ü

(15)

Electrolysis of concentrated

potassium iodide solution

¹q¸Ñ¿@¸K¤Æ¹[·»²G

 + electrode·¥(anode¶§·¥)¡G 2 I¡Ð  à  I2 + 2 e¡Ð 

 Brown color is seen. ¦³´Ä¦âª«½è¥X²{¡C

 

 - electrode·¥(cathode³±·¥)¡G 2 H+ + 2 e¡Ð à  H2 

 Colorless gas is formed. ©ñ¥XµL¦â®ðÅé¡C

 4.33M

  «ö¦¹¤U¸ü

 (16)

Potassium ¹[ + water ¤ô

 K floats and burns with a lilac flame.

 K moves around on the surface of water.

 Heat and colorless gas are given out.

 ¹[¯B¦b¤ô­±¡A¿U¿N®É²£¥Í²Hµµ¦â¤õ¿V¡C

 ¹[¦b¤ô­±¥|³B²¾°Ê¡C¦³¼ö¤ÎµL¦â®ðÅé¥Í¦¨¡C

      2 K + 2 H2O  à  2 KOH + H2

 

 3.54M

 

  «ö¦¹Æ[¬Ý

(17)

Burning sodium¿N¶u

 Sodium burns with a golden yellow flame.

 ¶u¿U¿N®É²£¥Íª÷¶À¦â¤õ¿V¡C

      4 Na +  O2  à  2 Na2O

 

 2.80M

  «ö¦¹Æ[¬Ý

(18)

Copper + silver nitrate

»É + µv»Ä»È

 

 Displacement reaction ¸m´«¤ÏÀ³¡G

 Cu + 2 AgNO3  à  Cu(NO3)2  + 2 Ag

 Colorless solution turns blue. Silvery solid is formed.

 ·»²G¥ÑµL¦âÅܦ¨ÂŦâ¡C¦³»È¦â©TÅé¥Í¦¨¡C

 

 Ag + CuSO4  à  no reaction ¨S¦³¤ÏÀ³

 

 5.78M

  «ö¦¹Æ[¬Ý

(19)

Reduction of silver oxide by strong heating

§Q¥Î±j¼ö§â®ñ¤Æ»ÈÁÙ­ì

 Black solid (Ag2O) turns silvery (Ag).

 Colorless gas (O2) is evolved which can relight

 a glowing splint.

       2 Ag2O à 4 Ag + O2

 ¶Â¦â©TÅé(Ag2O)Åܦ¨»È¦â(Ag)¡C

 ¦³µL¦â®ðÅé(O2)©ñ¥X¡A¥¦¥i­«¿U¦³¾lÂu¤ì±ø¡C

 

 7.26M

  «ö¦¹Æ[¬Ý

(20)

Zn-Cu chemical cell

¾N-»É¤Æ¾Ç¹q¦À

 Zinc is more reactive than copper. Zn loses electrons.

 Zn is negative pole of the cell (anode).

 Cu is positive pole of the cell (cathode).

 ¾N¤ñ»É¬¡¼â¡C¾N©ñ¹q¤l¡C

 ¾N¬O¹q¦Àªº­t·¥(¶§·¥)¡C»É¬O¹q¦Àªº¥¿·¥(³±·¥)¡C

 

 2.75M

  «ö¦¹Æ[¬Ý

(21)

Chemical cell¤Æ¾Ç¹q¦À

KI - KMnO4 / H+

 Anode(- pole), lose electrons¡G 2 I¡Ð à  I2 + 2 e¡Ð

 ¶§·¥(­t·¥),©ñ¹q¤l

 Colorless solution turns brown. ·»²G¥ÑµL¦âÅܴĦâ¡C

 

 Cathode(+ pole), gain electrons³±·¥(¥¿·¥),¨ú¹q¤l¡G

      MnO4¡Ð + 8 H+ + 5 e¡Ð à  Mn2+ + 4 H2O

 Purple solution turns colorless finally.

 ·»²G³Ì²×¥Ñµµ¦âÅܵL¦â¡C

 

 3.47M

  «ö¦¹Æ[¬Ý

(22)

Electrolysis of silver nitrate

solution

¹q¸Ñµv»Ä»È·»²G

 + electrode·¥(anode¶§·¥)¡G

4 OH¡Ðà O2  + 2 H2O + 4 e¡Ð

 Colorless bubbles are formed.¦³µL¦â®ðÅé¥Í¦¨¡C

 

 - electrode·¥(cathode³±·¥)¡G Ag+ + e¡Ðà Ag

 Silvery solid is formed. ¥Í¦¨»È¦â©TÅé¡C

 

 4.93M

  «ö¦¹Æ[¬Ý

(23)

Electrolysis of dilute sulphuric

acid using copper metal as positive electrode

¹q¸Ñµ}²¸»Ä¡A

¥Î»Éª÷Äݧ@¬°¥¿·¥

 + electrode·¥(anode¶§·¥)¡G Cu à Cu2+ + 2 e¡Ð

 Copper dissolves. Colorless solution turn